AppImage : Portable package for Linux

AppImage : New package format for Linux


Debian/Ubuntu useing .deb packages,  Redhat, Fedora Using .rpm Packages. Now a days you can see a new package format .appimage

AppImage is a Universal package format  that runs in all the Linux Distributions.


It is very easy to use , because there is no dependency issues.

A typical linux installation create files in various places so it requires root permission for installation.

but in appimage  doesn't need root privilege because it  doesn’t really install the software.

How to use appimage

  just download , make executable(right click on file --> select properties--> permissions and click on execute) and  run


Lot of Appimages are avilable here 

How to cut a field from csv file using bash

How to cut a field from csv file using bash 

Example :
cat mycsv.csv | cut -d ',' -f3

cat mycsv.csv | cut -d "," -f3 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head

 




How to Hide Userlist from Login Screen in Ubuntu/debian Linux

How to Hide Userlist from  Login Screen in Ubuntu/debian Linux


For Hiding User list you need to edit lightdm configuration file.

$   sudo vi  /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Add the following line to the bottom of the file

    greeter-hide-users=true

 Save the file and reboot your system .

  Now the  user list will be hidden

How to Install Graphical (GUI ) Users & Groups Management Tool in Ubuntu 12.04

How to Install Graphical (GUI ) Users & Groups Management Tool in Ubuntu 12.04

The old Gnome User and Groups management tool is not available  in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.


There is User Accounts available  under the System setting, but  you cannot administer groups.

You can solve this problem by installing the utility gnome-system-tools which is available in Ubuntu software repository.

How to install gnome-system-tools

Open a terminal and run the following command . or install it using synaptic Package manger.

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools

 

Shutdown your ubuntu / Debian system with a USB Pendrive

Shutdown your ubuntu / Debian system with a USB Pendrive

It is for fun !!! and a utility!!!

First  find out the vendorId and productId of your USB stick:

$ lsusb

 

my output

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 13fe:3600 Kingston Technology Company Inc.  

 

here

13fe - vendor Id

3600 - Product Id

Now create a file in: /etc/udev/rules.d/

 

I was created file :  100-usb-device-action.rules 

Then add the following line.

ACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="13fe", ATTRS{idProduct}=="3600", RUN+="/sbin/shutdown -h now"

 

Substitute your vendorid and ProductID

After saving the file . Just plug your USB Pendrive in any USB Port . Your System will Shutdown!!!!

Nikto : Open Source Web Server Scanner for Ubuntu / Debian Linux

Nikto is an Open Source (GPL) web server scanner which scans your webserver against more than 6500 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, checks for outdated versions of over 1250 servers, and version specific problems on over 270 servers. It has a very good plugin support

What Nikto can do.

    SSL Support (Unix with OpenSSL or maybe Windows with ActiveState's
    Perl/NetSSL)
    Full HTTP proxy support
    Checks for outdated server components
    Save reports in plain text, XML, HTML, NBE or CSV
    Template engine to easily customize reports
    Scan multiple ports on a server, or multiple servers via input file (including nmap output)
    LibWhisker's IDS encoding techniques
    Easily updated via command line
    Identifies installed software via headers, favicons and files
    Host authentication with Basic and NTLM
    Subdomain guessing
    Apache and cgiwrap username enumeration
    Mutation techniques to "fish" for content on web servers
    Scan tuning to include or exclude entire classes of vulnerability
    checks
    Guess credentials for authorization realms (including many default id/pw combos)
    Authorization guessing handles any directory, not just the root
    directory
    Enhanced false positive reduction via multiple methods: headers,
    page content, and content hashing
    Reports "unusual" headers seen
    Interactive status, pause and changes to verbosity settings
    Save full request/response for positive tests
    Replay saved positive requests
    Maximum execution time per target
    Auto-pause at a specified time
    Checks for common "parking" sites
    Logging to Metasploit
    Thorough documentation

Official site
To install in ubuntu / debian
$ sudo apt-get install nikto

Full installation of nikto will offer lot of options
$ nikto will give the list of options

For simple test

$ sudo nikto -h www.yoursite.com

output will we like this
abc@abc-desktop:~$ sudo nikto -h www.xxxx.com
- Nikto v2.1.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Target IP:          202.18.233.233
+ Target Hostname:    www.abcx.com
+ Target Port:        80
+ Start Time:         2013-10-32 08:29:09
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Server: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
+ Retrieved x-powered-by header: PHP/5.4.4-14+deb7u5

+ Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny3 with Suhosin-Patch mod_perl/2.0.4 Perl/v5.10.0
- Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, TRACE
+ OSVDB-877: HTTP method ('Allow' Header): 'TRACE' is typically only used for debugging and should be disabled. This message does not mean it is vulnerable to XST.
+ OSVDB-0: ETag header found on server, inode: 3965147, size: 2857, mtime: 0x433a88acc26c0
+ PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny3 appears to be outdated (current is at least 5.2.6RC4)
+ mod_perl/2.0.4 appears to be outdated (current is at least 5.8)

Linux Troubleshooting with dmesg command

During  bootup process, kernel gets loaded into the system memory and it controls the entire system.

During the bootup process , kernel displays number of messages and hardware divice information.

These messages will keep in a ring buffer. You can use these messages for sytem Troubleshooting. You can see these messages by using dmesg command.

1. open a terminal and type

  $ dmesg |more

2. To see the status of Network

  $ dmesg | grep eth

3. To see the memory status

  $ dmesg | grep Memory

4. for clearing dmesg buffer

  $ dmesg -c

How to Install FreeBasic For Beaglebone Black in Ubuntu and Debian Linux

FreeBASIC is a free/open source (GPL), 32-bit BASIC compiler for Microsoft Windows, DOS and Linux.

Now it is available for Beaglebone Black Arm7

How to install FreeBASIC in Debian

BBB: debian wheezy
download: fbc-bbb-debian.tar.gz

cd fbc-bbb-debian & sudo ./install.sh -i
fbc -arch arm7 -gen gcc xxx.bas

uninstall:
sudo ./install.sh -u

How to install FreeBASIC in UBUNTU 


download: fbc-bbb-ubuntu.tar.gz
cd fbc-bbb-ubuntu & sudo ./install.sh -i
fbc -arch arm7 -gen gcc xxx.bas

uninstall:
sudo ./install.sh -u

FreeBasic Documentation : http://www.freebasic.net/

https://www.facebook.com/BeagleboneBlack

How to Convert Document Formats in Ubuntu / Debian Linux : unoconv

unoconv converts between any document format that OpenOffice understands.

It supports  document formats like Open Document Format (.odt), MS Word (.doc), MS Office Open/MS OOXML (.xml),LaTeX 2e (.ltx), pdf, HTML, XHTML, RTF, Docbook (.xml), and more.

 It also supports image files JPG, BMP,  GIF, PNG and more
 unoconv supports Spreadsheet file formats also

Requirements
unoconv is written in python. It needs a recent LibreOffice or OpenOffice with UNO bindings.

It Supports OpenOffice on Linux, Windows and MacOSX

How to install unoconv in ubuntu / debian Linux

$ sudo apt-get install unoconv

Usage

it is a command line utility. read man page for more details

    unoconv -f pdf your-document.odt
    unoconv -f doc your-document.odt
    unoconv -f xsl your-spreadsheet.csv
    unoconv -f jpg your-image.png
   

How to Install and Test Beaglebone black in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

The Use and working of Beaglebone Black is very simple. You need only BBB and a USB cable (Supplied with BBB). In Ubuntu / Debian Linux you just download this file Download here and install it.

How to install downloaded file.

Open a terminal and type the following

$ chmod 755 mkudevrule.sh
$ ./mkudevrule.sh

This script will create a new file called 73-beaglebone.rules in /etc/udev/rules.d/

 Now  Plug your BBB to Ubuntu System through the USB Cable

Now BBB establish an adhoc Network Connection through USB

After a short time check the connectivity


The BBB will have an IP address, so using Chrome or Firefox (not Internet Explorer) connect to the URL http://192.168.7.2 (Chrome or chromium Browser)

Now You can see a web page served by BBB.

Top of the web page you can see the serial number of your board

Now Open a terminal and type

$ ssh root@192.168.7.2

Now it will prompt a security warning  type 'yes' or click on 'yes'

Now it will ask for PASSWORD.  There is no password so press Enter

Tools / Commands for monitoring Memory Usage in ubuntu / Debian

Tools / Commands for monitoring  Memory Usage in ubuntu / Debian

 free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system.

 watch -n 5 free -m   -  Real time memory usge
 vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
 top - Show top processes and memory usage
 htop - interactive process/memory usage viewer
 cat /proc/meminfo Show memory size and usage.

 gnome-system-monitor — Graphical tool for viewing process/memory/network usage

How to recover windows control buttons in Gnome (no maximize, minimize, close buttons) Ubuntu

How to recover windows control buttons in Gnome (no maximize, minimize, close buttons)  Ubuntu

Metacity is the window manager for Gnome Classic. Compiz is another window  manager. If you are using compiz try the following.

Open a terminal

then type

$ ps -ef | grep -e metacity -e compiz

if window manager is compiz

type the following

$ metacity  --replace

If you want to add it permanently

Go to System -> Preferences -> Startup Applications
click Add

metacity  --replace

How to Change Grub2 Default Timeout in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

To make any changes in GRUB 2  you need to edit the main GRUB 2 configuration file  located in /etc/default/ folder, you can edit it by running the following command from terminal:
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub you can see the contents like


# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

To change the default timeout option in GRUB 2, just  change the GRUB_TIMEOUT parameter.

The value of this parameter is in sec, change this value as per your requirement.

How to Find MAC Address in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

MAC address is the unique serial number of your Network Card. It is SIX TWO-Digit HEX Numbers Separated by Column(:). By using MAC number You can Identify your Network Card Manufacturer. By using the simple command ifconfig you can find your MAC Address. 

Open a terminal and type ifconfig , you will get a text output. In the  first line you can see like HWaddr: 00:BA:13:67:78:76.

How to Find HardDisk Partitian UUID, Label , Type and Device node Identifier in Ubuntu / Debian Linux

 Some times you need to know the  device node identifier. e.g. /dev/sda1, a partition UUID,  a partition label or partition type (ntfs,fat32 etc). By using the following command you can see all the  relevant information about your partitions.


 Open a Terminal

$ sudo blkid -c /dev/null

sample output

/dev/sda1: UUID="D8C0A470C0A45692" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Ddrive" UUID="FA0C1D8C0C1D44D3" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="1ccc38e0-5981-438b-adc0-d90301eee022" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda7: UUID="03a0bd37-b163-49a2-b1a9-33017d764ba8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda8: LABEL="ibex" UUID="61f6b15b-8be8-43d8-904f-4e599b608994" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda9: UUID="3b70839c-525c-490c-9892-791a539b3005" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda10: LABEL="EDrive" UUID="E8B8420AB841D7A8" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/ramzswap0: TYPE="swap"

How to disable Shutdown Timer in Ubuntu Linux

In every shutdown you can see a count down time of 60 seconds. You can disable it

Open a Terminal and type the following
$ sudo gconftool-2 -s '/apps/indicator-session/suppress_logout_restart_shutdown' --type bool true

How to Watch Internet TV in Ubuntu / Debian Linux with Miro

A great Utility for Ubuntu / Debian Users. Miro is a free, open source, video player and podcast client It can play almost any video file and offers over 6,000 free internet TV shows and video podcasts. It has a simple user friendly interface. It supports Fullscreen HD Video. The built-in Miro Guide connects you to thousands of free High Definition video shows. Miro downloads video fast and stores it on your local computer. This way You can Record Youtube and Google video. It can Also use for downloading Torrent files.

Best of all, Miro is 100% free and open source, developed by a non-profit organization and volunteers around the world.

For installing Miro
$ sudo apt-get install miro

or get the latest from here

How to Control the CPU Usage of a Process in Ubuntu / Debian Linux with cpulimit

 

CPULIMIT is a very good utility, this can be utilized for limiting the cpu usage of a process.  Limits are expressed in percentage, not in cpu time. This  does not act on the nice value or other scheduling priority , but on the real cpu usage. System administrators can effectively use this for avoiding there headace. The % limit from 0-100 for single processor 0-200 for dual processor.

How to install  cpulimit in Ubuntu / Debian

Open a Terminal and Type the following command to install cpulimit:

$ sudo apt-get install cpulimit

Usage

To limit CPU usage of the process called firefox to 40%, enter:

# cpulimit -e firefox -l 40

To limit CPU usage of the process to 40% by using its PID, enter:

# cpulimit -p 1313 -l 40

To find out PID of the process use any of the following:

# ps -u shibu  (list all process for the use shibu)
# ps aux | grep firefox

You can also use absolute path name of the executable, enter:

# cpulimit -P /opt/firefox/firebox -l 40

Where,

    * -p : Process PID.
    * -e : Process name.
    * -l : percentage of CPU allowed from 0 to 100 for singe processor.
    * -P: absolute path name of the executable program file.

How to install Songbird Music Player in Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala

Songbird is a opensource Media Player and a web browser,  from the developers of wimamp and Yahoo Music Engine. Songbird is a cross platform utility can be used in Windows, Linux, Solaris  and  Mac. Like Winamp, it supports extensions and skins feathers. It supports a variety of file formats and is an excellent option for organizing your music files in your system. It is derived from mozilla supports Searching for extensions and plugins.

Howto Install Songbird for Ubuntu
Download Songbird from here
You will get the tar.gz file Current Version

Songbird_1.4.3-1438_linux-i686.tar.gz

Now move the file to /opt folder

$ sudo mv Songbird_1.4.3-1438_linux-i686.tar.gz /opt

$cd /opt

Now extract the file using

$ tar xzvf Songbird_1.4.3-1438_linux-i686.tar.gz

It automatically  create a Songbird folder and extract the files in to it.
Change file permissions
$sudo chmod -R 755 Songbird or (chown -R shibu:shibu Songbird)

$cd Songbird

$./Songbird 

        or

$ /opt/Songbird/Songbird

Now Your Songbird will Run
You can add /opt/Songbird/Songbird to your Menu.

Major Security Alert for Ubuntu Linux users

Ubuntu Security team  announced a major security alert to users of Ubuntu  On February 5th  .The security flaw is found in the kernel of the different versions of Ubuntu. This makes it vulnerable to the system, allowing the escalation of privileges and gain control of the system by an attacker.

 List of affected Ubuntu releases:

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Ubuntu 6.06 LTS
Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Ubuntu 8.04 LTS
Ubuntu 8.10 Ubuntu 8.10
Ubuntu 9.04 Ubuntu 9.04
Ubuntu 9.10 Ubuntu 9.10

 It is important to resolve it, update your kernel to the latest version available. Something that many have already done but it is worth remembering.  The importance of this fact is not in the bug is.  It is in how fast it is resolved and as the user community has turned to communicate in all media achievable.

 More info : Ubuntu Security Notice USN-894-1